Autism And The Development Of The Mind - 1305 Words

Autism and the Development of the Mind Phenomenon/Issue Autism is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by inabilities to understand social skills, communication difficulties, self-stimulatory behaviors and other variations in strengths and weaknesses (Scheeren et al., 2013). Children with autism are more inclined to lack emotional regulation, resorting to limited social understanding (Joseph et al., 2004). This restricts their ability to impute beliefs of others and themselves. Theory of mind is said to be absent for children with Autism ( ). The Centers for Disease Control, reports an increase of 23 percent since 2009, in autism diagnosis. One in 88 children have a being diagnosed with Autism. within the past decade the†¦show more content†¦Cognitive or developmental impairment may be assumed if theory of mind is absent (Scheeren et al., 2013). Albert Bandura (1977), the originator of social learning theory, focused his research on the process of how people learn through observation. Social Learning stems from a cognitive and behavioral theory model. This is demonstrated through the well-known Bobo Doll experiment. The experiment entailed a child observing an adult being aggressive towards the Bobo Doll (Pavlov et al., 1961). The results indicated that children imitated the observed behaviors of being aggressive towards the doll (Pavlov et al., 1961). Empiricism According to Scheeren et al., (2013), children with Autism, lack a theory of mind. Which disables them to attribute beliefs or behaviors of others. According to Joseph and Tager-Flusberg (2004), neurocognitive impairments and executive functions in theory of mind, have both been hypothesized to play a causal role in autism. Children’s theory of mind begins to develop during the preschool age, making it vital to understand beliefs, mental representation, or general representation (Carlson Moses, 2001). Future Directions Theory of mind in children with Autism concerns the ability to understand conceptions of others and their action. Research on theory of mind addresses theoretically complex questions of human action while exploring theory of mind based on social cues and is this in part of one’s neuropsychological? Link toShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Autism985 Words   |  4 PagesAutism is a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and verbal and non-verbal communication (Grandgeorge, Hausberger et al., 2009). The group that I have chosen for this study are children from the ages of 2 to 12 years. I chose this topic because it has always fascinated me, as well as I have a personal experience with this topic, my 10 year old cousin has autism. At the age of 2 he was diagnosed with autism and his parents were able to prepare him for his futureRead MoreLanguage Delays And Autism Spectrum Disorder1632 Words   |  7 Pages Language Delays in Autism Spectrum Disorder Bethany Perez Colorado State University Autism spectrum disorder is caused by abnormalities in the brain. Many children that qualify under the autism spectrum disorder, often experience developmental delays in three areas of development. Socially/emotionally, as well as cognitively, children with ASD are unable to progress at a normal rate of development compared to their peers. The level of communication due to language delays can be severelyRead MoreCognitive Development Of Children With Autism1260 Words   |  6 PagesCOGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM Cognitive development in children with autism spectrum disorder is vastly complex in its entirety. During development, the most critical period is within the first 6 years of life; at the age of 7, our brain is nearly developed to the average adult size. During this time, myelination, synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning are occurring and contribute significantly to the development of the brain. If disruption occurs in brain development, it is possibleRead MoreHow Do Children Develop?1195 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelop? Development in children is a fragile process with many different influences. Most children develop normally without any issues, however 1 in 60 children suffer from Autism Spectrum Disorder throughout their lives (â€Å"Facts About Autism† n.d.). In fact the number of children who suffer from the Autistic Spectrum Disorder has grown over the last decade (â€Å"Facts About Autism† n.d.). Autism is a brain disorder that usually shows up in childhood and carries on throughout adulthood. Autism makes itRead MoreTheory of Mind and Ex ecutive Function 858 Words   |  3 PagesTheory of Mind and the Executive Function Theory of mind (ToM) is â€Å"the specific ability to attribute mental states to oneself and to others† (Pellicano, 2007, p. 974). Attributing mental states essentially allows one to read another’s body language and therefore predicts their behavior. This is important in the socialization of a child, something that an autistic child struggles with. Baron-Cohen et al. (2000) believe the term ToM is synonymous with social intelligence. The executive function (EF)Read MoreAsd Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesEvery two years, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become more pronounced. This is due to the modern world being more familiarized with ASD, and the extensive research being conducted into it. However, with the familiarization of ASD, parents and educators have become more concerned with the future of their children. Parents, as well as many others, have come to believe that ASD has sparked a negative impact on individuals such as their success. However, children who h ave ASD do not have a lowerRead MoreSigmund Freuds Theory Of Psychoosexual Development1221 Words   |  5 Pagesare to explain and understand change, growth and consistency throughout the life span. The science of human developmental psychology. The science of human development pursues to develop an understanding of how and why all kinds of people, everywhere change or remain the same over time. Sigmund Freuds (1856-1936) theory of psychosexual development describes how a personals personality develops of the course of their childhood. This is a well-known theory in psychology however it has always been quiteRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Autism Spectrum Disorders ( Asd )949 Words   |  4 Pages 1. What are the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)? As described in the textbook, there is a broad range of characteristics associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). One of the first characteristics noted with ASD is language deficits, or using language in â€Å"odd† ways. As stated in the textbook, â€Å"Children with classic autism may be nonverbal. Alternatively, they may have significant language difficulties, so that their language may consist primarily of echolalia or delayedRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism1492 Words   |  6 Pageslots of attention. What used to be known as Autism was later renamed in the DSM to Autism Spectrum Disorder meaning, a neurodevelopmental disorder rather than a pervasive developmental disorder (Gargiulo, 2015). Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder characterized by abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a restricted repertoire of activity and interests (Gargiulo, 2015). The IDEA describes autism as developmental dis ability that affects all areasRead MoreHow Children With Autism? Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesHow Children with Autism can be Supported in Education? Autism affects the individuals’ social interactions and the social construction of the world (National Autistic society, 2015). Children with Autism follow a different developmental pattern from other children and develop at the different rate. It could be understood as a social/psychological disability. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) – is a neurological condition that affects the way a person experiences and interacts with the world. Children

The Effect of Light and Color on Human Physiology in Workplace Free Essays

Essay The Effect of Light and Color on Human Physiology in workplace Safety working environment requires not only workplace with sufficient light, and also rational direction of the light, the lack of harsh shadows, causing glare. Proper lighting and painting equipment and hazards allows to watch them more closely (device painted in solid color), and the warning coloring hazards will reduce injuries. Besides selecting the right combination of colors and their intensity will minimize the time to adapt the eye when looking to the details on the work surface. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Light and Color on Human Physiology in Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Choosing the right color can affect the mood of the workers, and, therefore, the productivity of labor. Thus, the underestimation of the influence of light, the choice of color and light lead to premature fatigue of the body, the accumulation of errors, lower productivity, increased marriage and, as a consequence, to injuries. A disregard for the coverage due to the fact that the human eye has a very wide range of accessories: from 20 lux (full moon) to 100,000 lux. Color and light are interrelated. Coloring of equipment, materials and other to black oppresses workers. When carrying the standard boxes of black and white colors all workers declared that the black boxes heavier. Black thread on a white background can be seen at 2100 times better than white on black, there is a sharp contrast (brightness ratio). With the increase in brightness and lighting up to certain limits visual acuity and brightness increases, and eye can separate items, i. e. speed discrimination. Too bright light adversely affects the eyes, causing blindness and pain in the eyes. Incorrect choice of lighting affects not only the loss of working hours and fatigue of workers, but also increases the injury during the adaptation period when the worker does not see or difficulty seeing detail and performs work operations automatically. Similar conditions have been observed in assembly work in the evening under floodlights. Therefore the ratio of brightness (contrast substance) should not be large. Nowadays known that the red color stimulates, but quickly tires worker, green is useful to man. Natural light is the best for human health. Sunlight has a biological effect on the body, so natural light is hygienic. Replacement of artificial daylight is allowed only for some reason if you cannot use (or not use) natural light in jobs. How to cite The Effect of Light and Color on Human Physiology in Workplace, Papers

Climate Change Mitigation

Question: Discuss about the Climate Change Mitigation. Answer: Introduction: In a recent climate report, it has been analyzed that human-caused carbon dioxide emissions are a small part of the total CO2 emissions (Ewert, 2012). The oceans contain 37,400 billion tons of suspended carbon. On the other hand, the land biomass contains 2000-3000 GT (Barford, 2013). The atmosphere contains 720 billion tons of CO2. However, only 6 GT CO2 emission is caused by the humans in the society (Erickson, 2014). The oceans and land have been facilitating in balancing the CO2 emission caused by the human activities in the society. Hence, it can be assessed that the human activities produce the very small amount of carbon Dioxide emission in the environment in compared to another emission process (Rogelj, 2013). On the contrary, it can be said that a small shift in the air and ocean would be responsible for producing more CO2 emission compared to human activities (Hansen Sato, 2012). The content of carbon Dioxide was quite steady before the industrial revolution in the society. However, the natural Carbon Dioxide is not static. It is generated through the natural process and absorbed by others. On the contrary, the Carbon Dioxide emission caused by the human activities is increasing in an effective manner. By burning the fossils fuel, the amount of CO2 emission is getting higher. Although the human output of 29 GT of CO2 is a tiny amount compared to 750 GT, the ocean, and land often fail to absorb the extra amount of CO2 (Hayward, 2012). It has been seen that 40% of the additional carbon dioxide are absorbed by the land and air. Sometimes, the human produced CO2 upsets the natural balance of the Carbon cycle in the environment (Ryley Chapman, 2012). Hence, it can be identified that the human-made carbon Dioxide has been increased by the industrial activities. After the industrial development, the external carbon emission has been increased (Hunter, 2012). On the other hand, the fossils fuel delivers the very small amount of carbon emission. However, the natural carbon swap over process cannot soak up the extra emission of the carbon. Figure: The global carbon cycle (Source: Keener, 2012) The decade 2000-2009 was the warmest since the global climate records began, and 2009 was the second warmest single year. As per the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), 2009 was the hottest year for the southern hemisphere (Ollier, 2013). Although 2008 was the coolest year of the decade, 2009 had experienced the record temperatures. By decoding the temperature record, it can be identified that the rising level of Carbon Dioxide and other greenhouse gas emission caused the enhancement of heat into the climate. Most of the climate scientists have agreed with the fact that the emissions of these gasses are the key factors for the hottest global climate in 2000-20009 (Oniscu, 2014). However, there are three other prime factors such as changes in the Suns irradiance, changes in aerosol level, and oscillations of sea surface temperature. With the involvement of these factors, there is slight increase and decrease in the planets temperature. On the contrary, these effects do not ind icate adequate resources for the global warming experienced since 1880 (Hansen, Sato Ruedy, 2012). The climate scientists have shown the report that the average global temperature has been increased by 0.36 degrees F or 0.2 degrees C per decade. By conducting the total calculation, it can be evaluated that the world has experienced the enhancement of the global temperature by 1.5 degrees F or 0.8 degrees C since 1880 (Ryley Chapman, 2012). On the other hand, the oceans can make an adverse impact on the global temperature. For example, El Nino and La Nina show how the global temperature can be influenced. the global temperatures decrease when La Nina wakes (Ryley Chapman, 2012). Moreover, La Nina restrains the impact of the greenhouse gas emission in an effective manner. During 2000-2009, the small particles in the atmosphere called aerosols were increased (Edenhofer, 2014). Consequently, it affects the global warming. The global warming affects the weather parameters in many ways. The global warming enhances the rate of evapotranspiration (Bellard et al., 2012). It is the total evaporation of water from the water, soil, and other planet bodies. Due to the impact of the global warming, the climate change is more visible (Smith, 2014). On the other hand, it also includes extra stress to the wildlife species and their habits. The global warming often causes the enhancement of the extreme weather, as it rises the temperature affecting the weather parameters in various ways. On the contrary, sometimes the changing frequency of the extreme events coincides with the global warming (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015). Moreover, there are various signs of the extreme climate changes caused by the human activities. Due to the effect of global warming, the atmosphere contains 4% more water vapor than previous years (Yamaguchi, 2012). With the impact of the global warming, the temperature in the atmosphere goes high, which causes extreme rainfall events. On the other hand, atmospheric circulation causes the huge changes in the sea surface temperatures. Hence, it can be assessed that the rising temperature enhances the possibilities of extreme weather events occurring (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014). The climate change report of US says that the heavy rainfall has increased by 20% due to the adverse effect of the global warming (Erickson, 2014). Moreover, the frequency of drought has been increased due the impact of the rising temperature. Due to the rising temperatures over the last 5 decades, heat waves occur more frequently (Melillo, Richmond Yohe, 2014). The scientists have discussed the fact that the frequency of the weather change will be increased due to the effect of global warming (Ewert, 2012). Moreover, the global warming causes the enhancement of power and frequency of Atlantic hurricanes (Shindell, et al., 2012). However, there is a requireme nt for more research to evaluate other factors that create challenges in upholding the atmospheric stability in the society. Although the global warming has been causing many environment changes, it has some positive impacts on the humans and the planet. With the involvement of the global warming, the high-latitude zones become the verge of cultivation (Hunter, 2012). Consequently, it would become an agriculture friendly factor in the future. On the other hand, due to the global warming, the CO2 emission increases in the planet, which facilitates the plants to grow faster and better. The high level of CO2 gas emission facilitates in enhancing the agriculture (Hayward, 2012). Consequently, the people, who are engaged in the agriculture, can obtain high growth in their business. Hence, it can be assessed that the global warming would facilitate in making a greener planet. On the other hand, the humans obtain several facilities due to the global warming. In the winter season, most of the people face challenges in leading a healthy life. Due to cold weather, many children face health issues (Alcamo, 2012). Hence, the enhancement of the temperature would facilitate in leading a healthy life in the society. Sometimes, warmer weather is safety for the people living in the cold countries (Fankhauser, 2013). Due to the increased temperature, middle-aged people can be saved from the severe heart attacks. The warmer temperature in the nighttime makes the longer seasons, which is responsible for enhancing the agriculture productivity. Moreover, the enrichment of the environment with CO2 will facilitate in fertilizing the plants to make vigorous growth (Ollier, 2013). Consequently, it enhances the food resources of the people. Hence, it can be assessed that the global warming not only creates the adverse effect on the environment but also delivers several benefi ts to the people. The primary greenhouse gasses in the ambiance are methane, water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and ozone. The lack of greenhouse gasses would cause the risen of the global temperature by 3-4 degrees (Christensen et al., 2013). In the climate report, it has been published that the greenhouse gasses contains 9-26% of carbon dioxide (Oniscu, 2014). The carbon cycle is being altered by the human activities on the earth. By adding more carbon dioxide in the environment, the amount of the greenhouse gas is increased. Consequently, it facilitates in balancing the temperature in the environment. The combustion of the fossil fuels increases the greenhouse gas in an effective manner. On the contrary, the adverse effects of the greenhouse gas would affect the ecosystems, biodiversity and the livelihood of the people. By discussing the current greenhouse gas concentrations, it can be assessed that the percentage has been increased by 41.2% since 1750 (Ryley Chapman, 2012). In the recent years, the greenhouse emission caused by human activity has been increasing in an effective manner. there is several sources of the carbon dioxide emission such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, propane, fuel oil, kerosene, coal, etc (Yamaguchi, 2012). however, the highest percentage of the greenhouse emission appear from the petroleum coke and coal. Hence, it can be assessed that the human activities have been contributing in emitting CO2 in the environment, which facilitates in producing the greenhouse gas in an effective manner (Bindoff et al., 2013). References Alcamo, J. (Ed.). (2012).IMAGE 2.0: Integrated modeling of global climate change. 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(2012).Climate change and Pacific islands. Washington, DC: Island Press. Melillo, J. M., Richmond, T. T., Yohe, G. W. (2014). Climate change impacts in the United States.Third National Climate Assessment. Ollier, C. (2013). Global Warming and Climate Change: Science and Politics.Quaestiones Geographicae,32(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2013-0008 Oniscu, G. (2014). Global Warming in Transplantation.Transplantation,97(12), 1207-1208. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/tp.0000000000000077 Rogelj, J. (2013). Long-term climate change: projections, commitments and irreversibility. Ryley, T. Chapman, L. (2012).Transport and climate change. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Shindell, D., Kuylenstierna, J. C., Vignati, E., van Dingenen, R., Amann, M., Klimont, Z., ... Schwartz, J. (2012). Simultaneously mitigating near-term climate change and improving human health and food security.Science,335(6065), 183-189. Smith, H. (2014). Deep-sea warming slows down global warming.Science,345(6199), 886-887. https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.345.6199.886-g Yamaguchi, M. (2012).Climate change mitigation. London: Springer.